The Intriguing History of Men's Wigs: From Fashion to Epidemics
Wigs, those iconic symbols of 18th-century fashion, were more than mere hairpieces. They held cultural significance, conveying status, style, and even health in colonial America. This historical journey into the world of wigs will reveal their origins, materials, and the unexpected connection between wigs and an unfortunate epidemic.
Wigs in Colonial America: A Fashionable Trend
The 18th century marked the zenith of the wig's popularity in Europe and, by extension, in colonial America. The full-bottomed peruke, characterized by long, flowing curls, was at its height during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. However, as the 18th century progressed, wigs underwent a transformation, becoming shorter and more tailored to the prevailing fashion of the time.
In colonial America, the Founding Fathers are often portrayed wearing these shorter wigs, reflecting the evolving trends in wig fashion.
Wig Materials: From Human Hair to Animal Origins
Wigs were crafted from a variety of materials, with human, yak, horse, and goat hair being the most common choices. Among these, human hair wigs reigned supreme in terms of quality but came with a steep price tag. The expense of acquiring human hair wigs attested to the value placed on their natural appearance.
George Washington's Unique Approach: Notably, George Washington, a prominent figure in early American history, did not wear a wig. Instead, he adopted a distinct method to achieve the fashionable white hair of the time. As one of the five Presidents with red hair, he powdered his hair white, aligning with the trend that considered white hair as a symbol of wealth and prestige. Yet, the Presidents who succeeded him embraced wigs as part of their attire.
The Origin of the Wig Trend: An Unfortunate STD Connection
The question remains: why were wigs even worn, and how did this trend come to be?
The origins of the wig's popularity can be traced back to the late 16th century, a period marked by an epidemic of syphilis in Europe. This devastating disease had an unusual side effect - patchy hair loss. Given the fashion of the time, which dictated long, flowing hair for men, such hair loss could spell public embarrassment and a loss of social status.
To conceal this unfortunate symptom and to maintain a semblance of style, wigs swiftly became a sensation. They not only offered an elegant solution to the problem of hair loss but also provided a means of adhering to prevailing fashion standards.
In addition to their role in concealing hair loss, wigs played a crucial part in maintaining hygiene. In an era where personal grooming and hair care products were rudimentary, wigs offered an efficient way to keep hair clean and presentable. They helped protect the wearer's natural hair from collecting dirt, lice, and other impurities, enhancing overall cleanliness.
Aromatic Powders and Wig Care
Wig wearers had to contend with a potential issue - the odor from aging animal hair used in wigs. To mitigate this, they turned to scented powders, often infused with lavender or orange fragrances. These powders not only masked unwanted odors but also added a pleasant aroma to the wigs, enhancing the overall experience of wearing them.
In summary, the popularity of wigs in colonial America, particularly in the 18th century, can be attributed to a convergence of factors. Wigs, crafted from a range of materials, allowed wearers to address issues related to hygiene, style, and health. They were not merely fashion accessories but also practical solutions to challenges posed by the times, including the unfortunate epidemic of syphilis and the standards of personal grooming. As such, wigs held a unique and culturally significant place in colonial American society.